List of cation to be tested

Brown precipitate formed when added with sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution. Fe3+ is present.

Dirty green precipitate formed when added with sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution. Fe2+ is present.

Cu2+ dissolve in excess of ammonia solution to form dark blue solution.

Blue precipitate is formed when Cu2+ is added with sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution.

This picture shows the comparison between Cu2+ in ammonia solution (light blue precipitate) and Cu2+ in excess of ammonia solution (dark blue solution).

When Fe3+ is added with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), blood red colour is observed.

When Pb2+ is added with potassium iodide (KI), yellow precipitate is observed.

When ammonium ion (NH4+) is added with Nessler's Reagent, brown precipitate is observed.